Creating a virtual machine with an LDAP authentification for SharePoint 2007

Introduction

Among the best practices to succed in fast developing good solutions for SharePoint is the virtualized environments. The closest you will be to the client production environment within your virtual machines, the best chances you will have to provide your client with a reliable solution in a quick delivery time.

Assume you have to deliver a solution requiring a form based authentication using LDAP, you sure will want to have a virtual machine with an LDAP and SharePoint on it.

This is what we are going to build in this tutorial. We will use a SharePoint farm on a single virtual machine and for the LDAP we will use Open LDAP

1 - Step 1 building the SharePoint 2007 virtual machine

The purpose of this post is  not to explain how to mount a SharePoint 2007 virtual machine.

I have already published a post on the topic, and there is more complete ones you can examine. So assume you have a virtual machine with SharePoint 2007 properly installed.

2 - Step 2 Intstalling open LDAP on the virtual machine.

I have stored on skydrive a complete package of the softwares and file you need for this tutorial.

Download the package.

In this package you will find the following items :

• openldap-for-windows.msi
  The redistribuable package of open LDAP for windows
  
  
• ldapbrowser26.msi
  The redistribuable package of the free LDAP browser from Softerra
  
  
• inetorgperson.ldif
  A file that will be used to create the first LDAP account
  
  

In order to install OPEN LDAP on the virtual machinne double click  openldap-for-windows.msi. Click next on the dialogs, letting the default values untill you reach the additional settings dialog. Don't change anything neither, but notice that your machine name will be retrieved by the installation software, and carefully note the Open LDAP port number : 3899

Then click next on the other dialogs to start the installation. We are now going to use a browser to check if the installation was successfull

3 - Step 3 Browsing the LDAP server

 In order to browse the LDAP directory you are going to install the Softerra browser, so this time, double click the ldapbrowser26.msi, and follow installation process untill obtaining this final screen :

Once the Softera browser is installed, start it and we are going to create a new profile in order to test the LDAP server connection. Right click the Softerra LDAP "Browser root" node in the Scope Pane and start the new profile creation

Then, give your profile a name (I personally used the name of my virtual machine)

Now, very important, for the Host field, take the computer name of your virtual machine, in my case VMLDAP-003

And for the port, if you used the default value of the Open LDAP redistribution package for windows, it is 3899.

 Click Next. The software will prompt that base DN is not specified and ask "continue anyway". Click yes on this message. Then you will be prompted for the User DN and Password.

Where could be this information ? Actually, it is in the Open LDAP configuration file. So locate this file. It should be:

 C:\Program Files\OpenLDAP\slapd.conf

and open it with notepad

you will find these lines within the file:

rootdn  "cn=Manager,dc=maxcrc,dc=com"
# Cleartext passwords, especially for the rootdn, should
# be avoid.  See slappasswd(8) and slapd.conf(5) for details.
# Use of strong authentication encouraged.
rootpw  secret

This is the LDAP admin account cn=Manager,dc=maxcrc,dc=com and its password, secret so just type them in the LDAP Browser dialog:

Let the next screen default values and click finish. You will be prompted for the password again, so type it again and you should obtain this screen indication that your LDAP server is working properly:

4 - Step 4 Creating a first user account within the LDAP

We are now going to create the first account within the LDAP. This account will be used later to authenticate within SharePoint 2007.

We will use the last file of the downloaded package: inetorgperson.ldif. Go back to the OpenLDAP directory and create a ldif folder, then copy the inetorgperson.ldif file and paste it in the ldif repository.

 C:\Program Files\OpenLDAP\ldif\inetorgperson.ldif

Now open a command prompt,

locate ldapmodify.exe

C:\Program Files\OpenLDAP\ClientTools\ldapmodify.exe

and drag and drop the .exe in the command prompt:

then, in the command prompt type a space and paste this line after having replaced VMLDAP-003 by your machine name:

 -a -h VMLDAP-003 -p 3899 -D "cn=Manager,dc=maxcrc,dc=com" -w secret -f "C:\Program Files\OpenLDAP\ldif\inetorgperson.ldif"

in order to obtain this screen. The command is starting as soon as the paste operation is done...

You will notice on the screen that the ou people has been added and within the ou, the first account for the user Robert Smith.

Now if we go back in the Softerra 2.6 browser, we notice we can browse the people ou and also the Robert Smith account.

Notice we can also see the user password (rJsmitH) that will be useful later to authenticate within SharePoint 2007

Now all the work regarding the LDAP server is done. We are now going to work with SharePoint 2007

5 - Step 5 Creating the NTLM web application  for the LDAP based permissions 

For the LDAP authentication we need a specific web application because the form based authentication will be processed by an IIS web site and the LDAP connection reference will be stored within the web application web.config.

Actually, we need two IIS web sites.
The first IIS web site is the one corresponding to the web application. The web application will be accessed in NTLM mode.
This will allow administrator and power user to manage content and permissions using NTLM accounts (AD or local accounts).

Then we will extend this web application for the LDAP authentication.
This will create a second IIS web site that will be used for the form based authentication using LDAP accounts.

All this seems to be a bit confusing if you are not used to, but don't worry, we will proceed step by step and all will be clearer as long as we perform required operations...

So first let us create the web application.
Open the SharePoint Central Administration.
Click the Application Management tab.
Then, click the first link of the first section: Create or extend Web Application.
On the displayed dialog, click "Create a new Web Application"

Now I want to show you how to be as close as possible to a real production environment, so we are going to use the 80 port and an host header.
Assume the web application is used in real life for managing content (ECM) for the contoso company...

So here are the parameters to be typed:

 Create a new IIS web site - description: Web Application ECM NTLM

Create a new IIS web site - description: Web Application ECM NTLM
Port: 80
Host Header: myECM.ntlm.contoso.com

(you will notice that the path and the Url will be changed automatically based on the host header)

for the application pool, if you plan to dedicate one application pool to this web application you should call it:

SharePoint myECM.contoso.com

Because we don't need to make the distinction between NTLM and Form Based Authentication for the application pool since the both IIS web sites (the one for NTLM and the one for FBA LDAP) will use it. But if you plan to use the application pool for other web applications of your contoso company, you should call it:

SharePoint contoso.com

Because it should be used by other Contoso web application and not only by the ECM one...

Application pool user name: SPS_myECM

You should have created a dedicated service account for the application pool process.
Just create an account (AD or local) with a password that never expires (it is diffferent for SharePoint 2010).
Don't worry with permissions, the web application creation job will set all the required permissions automatically at the web application creation time.

Database Name and Authentication - database name: WSS_Content_MyECM

Because the Web Application has its own database dedicated....

Here are the summarized screen shots :

Here is the screenshot when the Web Application is created

Then we create the site collection. I chose a team site template since it is an ECM application...

Here is the screenshot after the site collection has been created

6 - Step 6 Accessing the NTLM web application

For accessing the new site collection from your local machine, first we have to modify the hosts file of the machine since we have specified an Host Header.
So, open this file with the notepad

C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

and add this line

127.0.0.1                 myecm.ntlm.contoso.com

now try to access the site collection. You are prompted for credential and finaly you get an 401 error access denied. Hum.... Don't worry it is perfectly normal....

Now, let us do another test.
Minimize you virtual machine and switch to your host machine (the computer that is running the virtual machine), and do the same, modify the hosts file of your host computer...
Sometimes it is working with the virtual machine name. If it is not working, get the virtual machine IP by typing IPCONFIG in a command prompt within your virtual machine, or doing a ping of the virtual machine using its name from your host computer

and try to connect to your site collection from your host computer. Yes it is possible and leads to many oportunities like using two different versions of IE, using the Office applications of your host machine and so on !!!!
It does work !!!

Hum, why is it working from the host computer and we get an access denied from the local machine ?
It is because we need to specify host name on the local machine or disable the loopback check.
See this Microsoft kb entry

When performed one of the two described methods, it is working locally.

7 - Step 7 Extending the Web application for LDAP Authentication

Now is the time to extend the existing web application in order to create an IIS web site for the authentication using LDAP accounts.

Go back to the central administration.
Click the Application Management tab.
Then, click the first link of the first section: Create or extend Web Application.
On the displayed dialog, this time, click "Extend an existing Web Application"
Use the Web Application drop down list to choose the Web Application ECM NTLM previusly created

Here are the parameters and the screenshot

Create a new IIS web site - description: Web Application ECM LDAP
Port: 80
Host Header: myECM.ldap.contoso.com
Zone: Intranet

Once the web application is extended you can check the result:

in IIS:

in SharePoint Central Administration Alternate Access Mapping:

8 - Step 8 Specifying Authentication provider

Now go back to the SharePoint Central administration and under the Application Security section click the Authentication providers link

then click the Intranet link and in the next page select the Form radio button. The page is refreshing and the new interface let you type the membership provider name. Type

LdapMembershipProvider

in order to obtain this screen:

 The membership provider is used for individual permissions and the role provider to grant permissions to a group of user. In this tutorial we won't demonstrate the role provider but only the membership provider. So once the membershipprovider is specified, click OK to save the settings and close the page.

9 - Step 9 Modifying the web.config of the NTLM Web Application

Now, we have to modify the web.config files of the two web sites. So first, open the web.config of the "Web Application ECM NTLM" web site and locate the end of the system.web main section. You can use this trick: look for the machineKey tag...

Just below the machineKey tag paste this:

      <membership defaultProvider="LdapMembershipProvider">

          <providers>

              <add

              name="LdapMembershipProvider"

              type="Microsoft.Office.Server.Security.LDAPMembershipProvider, Microsoft.Office.Server, Version=12.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=71E9BCE111E9429C"

              server="VMLDAP-003"

              port="3899"

              useSSL="false"

              connectionUsername="cn=Manager,dc=maxcrc,dc=com"

              connectionPassword= "secret"

              userNameAttribute="uid"

              userContainer="ou=people,dc=maxcrc,dc=com"

              userFilter="(objectClass=*)"

              scope="Subtree"/>

          </providers>

      </membership>

  </system.web>

Don't forget to replace VMLDAP-003 by your machine name...

Now we should be able to give permission to the LDAP unique user Robert Smith.

So open the NTLM web site and try to grant robert smith the member permission for the site by using its ldap uid.
If you type the uid rjsmith in the people picker and click the check names icon it does work.
SharePoint connect the LDAP server and retrieve the rjsmith account.
Once the account is retrieved, the typed uid become underlined and if you roll over the uid with the mouse pointer you will see the membership provider name appear in a tool tip.

So, click ok in order to actually grant this account the member permisions for the site. You will notice that the account is now referenced within SharePoint as a user of the member of the site.

9 - Step 9 Modifying the web.config of the LDAP Web Application and testing LDAP authentication

Now modify the web.config of the "Web Application ECM LDAP" web site in exactly the same way we did for the NTLM one before.
Then browse to the LDAP site using the host header. (of course you have modify the hosts file of the machine before).

You will be prompted for a Form Based Authentication within the OOTB SharePoint 2007 login page.

and if you provide the page with the required credentials:

rjsmith
rJsmitH

You will be authentified as Robert Smith and be able to contribute to the site.

Very well done !